They would ban online use but I believe it would still work offline.
For example, if you had a flash card in your 3DS and a new firmware update detected it Nintendo would happily brick the 3DS:
https://www.digitaltrends.com/gaming/nintendo-3ds-can-be-rem...
Nintendo claims the right to steal hundreds of dollars from you, permanently, with no notice or any hope of recovery.
Make sure to preorder switch 2!