Hamming Distance for Hybrid Search in SQLite
54 points
by enz
2 days ago
| 5 comments
| notnotp.com
| HN
jonatron
3 hours ago
[-]
You could first calculate the distance of the first n bits (eg: 64, one popcountll) as a first pass, then calculate the full distance for candidates over a threshold from the first pass. It makes it approximate, but depending on the application it can be worth it.
reply
mbreese
2 hours ago
[-]
I was thinking of something similar — instead of just two passes, couldn’t you also store different quantized values? If you have thousands of documents, you could narrow it down to a handful with a few bit-wise Hamming comparisons before doing a full cosine similarity on just the rest. If you hand more than one bitmap stored, you’d have fewer comparisons at each step too.

Would this work?

reply
stephenheron
2 hours ago
[-]
I've had good success in using this: https://github.com/sqliteai/sqlite-vector if you want something a bit more "off the shelf" if you are using SQLite.
reply
0cf8612b2e1e
2 hours ago
[-]
Ooh that does look nice. However, that license is a deal breaker for me.
reply
newusertoday
1 hour ago
[-]
you can try this https://github.com/asg017/sqlite-vec its apache license
reply
marcobambini
2 hours ago
[-]
Author here... it is free for open-source projects.

What kind of license would you like more?

reply
stevesimmons
2 hours ago
[-]
USearch has a sqlite extension that supports various metrics on including Hamming distance on standard sqlite BLOB columns. It gets similar performance and is very convenient.

(There's also an indexed variant that does faster lookups, but it uses a special virtual table layout that constrains the types of the other columns in the table.)

See https://github.com/unum-cloud/USearch. pip-installable for Python users.

reply
andai
2 hours ago
[-]
Has anyone tried keyword expansion in this context?

I had the idea of making a "poor man's embeddings" for document similarity. You want two documents to match even if they share no keywords, as long as their keywords are closely related, right? That seems like a very solvable problem.

reply
esafak
1 hour ago
[-]
Are today's models any good at helping write postgres or sqlite extensions?
reply