Microsoft team creates data-storage system that lasts for millennia
64 points
3 days ago
| 20 comments
| nature.com
| HN
theAdminWave
13 hours ago
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LOL I've done holographic data storage in borosilicate glass using fs laser pulses for my masters thesis in physics more than a decade ago and guess what, this is not going anywhere. The claims are all wildly exaggerated also. Lots of buzzwords micro nano plasma explosions but the truth is hidden in the details: needs specialist hardware... Yeah like a 50.000 USD femto second laser setup that needs an entire basement and you wearing ski googles at all times to not get blind type of specialist hardware. Guess we're all gonna put that in our living rooms, won't we?

And the storage density is limited by all kinds of effects that I won't even get into it but you can roughly assume its at best half or even less of that and then it starts becoming much less impressive.

Yes you can microwave a slab of glass or go diving with it and it will still be intact but unless we make machines that read and store data much more easily, like significantly absurdly more easily, this is the biggest pipe dream of them all.

Cool tech though :)

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stanac
1 hour ago
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It doesn't have to be consumer hardware to be economically viable. I can imagine something like this replacing or complementing tape storage at data centers. We already have hard drives filled with gas for dust-proofing. For archival storage it does not have to be fast (in terms of latency) it just needs to be reliable with high data density.

Hard drives where the size of a car decades ago, we could now have archival storage of the same physical size that can hold petabytes (just guessing, didn't do the actual math).

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baxtr
1 hour ago
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Agreed. On the other hand: didn’t any cool tech start as a overpriced, oversized version of its later breakthrough product?
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Alifatisk
13 hours ago
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I swear I’ve read similar headline multiple times for the past decade. This can’t be new.

I thought I was experiencing some Mandela affect, had to Bing it. This is from 2022 https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/video/project-silic...

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wumms
6 hours ago
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They mention it in the article:

> Microsoft began to build on their work in 2017. Although Kazansky’s approach maximizes durability and the density of data, in the latest work, Microsoft has gone for practicality. They explore a method that enables data to be written faster and decoded more reliably than did Project Silica’s previous iterations, says Black, and it uses cheaper borosilicate glass, rather than harder-to-make fused silica.

Following your link, I found a prototype of the media storage system (2023) with just 2828 views: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xnK-uB4OsgU

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zkmon
20 minutes ago
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Data loses its usefulness and relevance with time. Unless it's updatable, just archiving is not going to be useful. Just like how we don't find some 2000 years old writings any useful now, except for museum storage.
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ksec
15 hours ago
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>4.84TB in a single slab of glass, (the slabs are 12 cm x 12 cm and 0.2 cm thick).

So a rough estimate, at the size of UMD, used in Playstation Portable, slightly smaller than the size of Mini Disc, it could store 1TB.

I assume we could do double layer in the future for 2TB.

For comparison that is roughly 1000x times the capacity of UMD. I would love to have this. Burn a few of these as backup and call it a day.

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Karliss
13 hours ago
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It is already way beyond double layer. The 4.8TB is achieved using 301 layers.
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ksec
8 hours ago
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There goes my hope of non-cloud backup. I was thinking 1TB doesn't quite make it. Or at least I need a dozens of these.
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wumms
3 days ago
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Current write speed (No read speed given):

    Blu-ray (1×)            ~36   Mbit/s
    MS-Glass (single beam)  ~25.6 Mbit/s
    MS-Glass (multi-beam)   ~65.9 Mbit/s
That's ~7-18 days per 120mm x 120mm medium (4.8TB). Glass prices stable for now. Also, the authors make no statement about horizontal vs. vertical storage.
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NitpickLawyer
15 hours ago
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Thanks for digging this up. Every "scientists create new storage medium" is always a disappointment when you get to see the write speeds. This seems decent? At least in "raw" numbers there's nothing obviously making this useless. Let's hope they have a path to quick commercialisation and make it available. If there's any DC adoption will be the real test, I think.
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po1nt
12 hours ago
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First CDs would take hour and a half to write with a laser. Once engineers take over the tech, it will might get faster.
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wumms
5 hours ago
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If they get the read speed up to a couple of GBit/s (~100x current max write speed), 4.8TB might be a good fit for 32k movies.
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thegrim33
3 hours ago
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Write speed is probably the least important metric for people that are considering something like this. After everything with storage and longevity is taken care of, improving write speeds is a nice to have, but not the important part.
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stackghost
14 hours ago
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>This seems decent?

Definitely. If it actually achieves those speeds it's perfectly reasonable for long-term/cold storage.

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Someone
13 hours ago
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Depends somewhat on the read speed, too. Extreme example: if that is one bit per year, it doesn’t matter that you can write stuff on it.
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dyauspitr
13 hours ago
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I imagine if you can use lasers to etch at that speed, you can use them to read at similar speeds as well.
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Am4TIfIsER0ppos
11 hours ago
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> No read speed given

Write only medium!

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npodbielski
9 hours ago
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At least it is safe for 10k years! And from everybody ever basically.
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rarisma
15 hours ago
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I swear this happens at least once a year.

Wheres my futuristic storage guys?

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winrid
14 hours ago
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in your hands :)
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gnabgib
3 days ago
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Paper [Laser writing in glass for dense, fast and efficient archival data storage](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-10042-w)
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thaumasiotes
13 minutes ago
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We've had data storage that lasts for millennia for several thousand years already. The invention of millennia-long storage more or less coincided with the invention of writing.

There isn't really a benefit. Our durably-stored several-thousand-year-old records suffer from various problems:

- They're hard to understand.

- They tend not to be relevant to much.

- Most of them have gotten lost. They're not gone, but it would be extremely expensive to find them.

Interestingly, these are the same problems that occur with stored data of much more recent vintage. But they get worse and worse over time, and the fact that the storage medium itself doesn't degrade does nothing to help. It tends to make those usability problems worse by giving people a false sense of security that the data is still there, until the cost of recovering it becomes too great and for practical purposes it isn't there anymore.

If something matters, it will be stored on ephemeral media and recopied over time onto more ephemeral media.

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gigel82
15 hours ago
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I have read a variation of this headline once every 2 years since the early 2000s, yet never seen it turn into something real (that a consumer / enterprise can buy).
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vasco
15 hours ago
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Yeah but then 1000 years from now nobody will have the right USB cable to read it.

I think we should stick to proven solutions for millennia-robust information storage and paint it on walls inside pyramids.

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userbinator
13 hours ago
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You could "bootstrap" all the information required to produce the hardware to read this, by starting with human-readable instructions for the next step.
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dguest
10 hours ago
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What language will humans be reading in 10,000 years?
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Aardwolf
13 hours ago
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You don't necessarily need the same hardware to read it, just like you can read a vinyl record optically without a needle
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dyauspitr
13 hours ago
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Depends on what you etch on there. If it’s binary representation of actual alphabets then sure. If it’s a video file then without the software to decipher and manipulate the data, it would be pretty indecipherable. How to read an mp4 is not part of the data itself.
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simicd
11 hours ago
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At 4.8TB one could add a header section with the full code, instructions how to compile it etc. That would certainly help to reproduce it, assuming civilizations in 10k years still can decypher todays language.
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stackghost
14 hours ago
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If Nanni could have engraved his shitpost about Ea-nasir's copper into multiple glass tablets, easy to distribute, that would last for 10000 years, he probably would have.
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adrianN
14 hours ago
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How much cheaper is it compared to those orbs you can get from the Long Now Foundation?
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ortusdux
3 days ago
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Any idea why they are reporting the estimated lifespan at 290°C? Testing seems to have been done at 440°C and above.
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casey2
3 days ago
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Coz the paper gives a function for extrapolating from these tests. This is purely testing thermal decay.

10,000 years sounds like a good benchmark and isn't as obviously ridiculous as saying a million years at 260°C

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idiotsecant
15 hours ago
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It's common to perform longevity testing at higher temperatures to simulate longer lifetimes, in account of nobody has decades of time to actually perform a 1x time test.
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HPsquared
13 hours ago
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I wonder if "damp" modes of decay could still damage them though, which isn't captured in this style of testing. Like some wet chemical or biological process.
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jurgenburgen
12 hours ago
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Mechanical decay would also damage them. I think it’s assumed that the media will be stored in a place protected from humidity, chemicals and hammers.
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HPsquared
10 hours ago
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Yes I suppose a strong casing can protect against all that, but not against temperature so that's the one thing they still need to test for.
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jmclnx
3 days ago
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The big question, is it patented to the point were no one can buy the burners and media ?

Will it run on Linux ?

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misswaterfairy
15 hours ago
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They're definitely pursuing patents...

> The authors of the paper have filed several patents relating to the subject matter contained in this paper in the name of Microsoft Corporation.

Page 12 of the paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-10042-w.pdf

It's whether Microsoft will be fair and flexible licensing their patents to third-parties.

Otherwise I'd suggest that if they keep it all to themselves and charge like a wounded bull, uptake would be quite limited.

At least until the original patents expires, which might be the better strategic move for third-parties in light of a hostile Microsoft given how long this archival format is expected to last.

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HPsquared
13 hours ago
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20 year patent lifespan seems like nothing to the overall lifespan of this invention though.
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nandomrumber
13 hours ago
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Or, next year I can buy ten for five dollars off AliExpress.
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micw
13 hours ago
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10k years ... Or until it's dropped...
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avadodin
12 hours ago
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You inserted it at the wrong angle, lol.
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idiotsecant
15 hours ago
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Glass is one of the more stable things we can make. This seems pretty good! I don't have an application that requires ten thousand years of storage but I'm sure someone out there does!
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tbrownaw
14 hours ago
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> I don't have an application that requires ten thousand years of storage but I'm sure someone out there does!

A) record (a representative cross-section of) "everything" and leave multiple copies where future archeologists might find it. To avoid things like how present-day archaeologists apparently have holes in the kinds of things they can find, due to different social classes not leaving equally-robust trails.

B) this is "at least as long as I could possibly care about" storage. If I need to retain say financial records for seven years, and then later the government retroactively increases that to 20 years, there's no need to re-archive it all onto new media.

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TacticalCoder
14 hours ago
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> B) this is "at least as long as I could possibly care about" storage. If I need to retain say financial records for seven years, and then later the government retroactively increases that to 20 years, there's no need to re-archive it all onto new media.

In many countries this "maximum (6 or) 7 years" for financial records is only if the local IRS decides that you're not potentially committing fraud. If they decide you've potentially committed fraud at any time in the past, there's no limit as to how far they can go. Even in the US stuff like (some of the) funds stolen by the Enron scam have been successfully clawed back more than two decades after the fact.

At least that's the case in several EU countries: there's literally no limit if the country's IRS equivalent decides you're potentially committing fraud (or if you did in the past).

Which is insane and totally arbitrary but that's how it is.

In addition to that under a great many KYC/AML excuses, there are banks out there that shall have zero issue asking you to justify the "source of funds" and at times I've had to provide info dating from way more than seven years in the past. I've heard --and I'm not shitting you-- from someone proving he bought for about 5 K EUR of something that went up more than 100x (think Bitcoin or some exceptionally successful stock), that his bank answered something like: "OK, but now that you've proven you actually made 100x, prove us the source of the 5 K EUR in 2013!".

That's what happens to a society when you give too much power to petty people.

There are literally collaborationists out there that are going to fill SARs (Suspicious Activity Reports) when someone can prove he turned 5 K into 500 K not on the 500 K (which are impossible to dispute) but on the 5 K that were used in the first place. That's how jealous and incompetent some people are in this world.

Things became so bad that I now have a Git versioned repo (and backups everywhere) where I keep track of, among other, every single wire transfer above 10 K EUR. I've got stuff dating back to 2001 when I bought my first apartment etc.

Don't underestimate how pathetic and bitter some of the people you'll have to deal with (be it from your local IRS or a bank) are going to be.

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lencastre
13 hours ago
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given a long enough period, glass is a fluid, i.e. viscosity
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sandbach
13 hours ago
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dyauspitr
13 hours ago
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You can get a 6mmx6mmx1.2mm pure industrial diamond sheet for about $1000 [1]. That should be able to hold around 300 GB with this method and would last practically forever.

[1] https://e6cvd.com/us/material/single-crystalline.html?utm_so...

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idiotsecant
6 hours ago
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This is mostly a myth based on some medieval glass panels that had structurally wider bases. This material is going to take until the heat death of the universe to deform 1mm at room temperature. I'm sure it'll be fine for way longer than it will take for the data to fail in a different way.
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homarp
3 days ago
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alfiedotwtf
13 hours ago
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I don’t trust my Kodak Gold CDs that advertised 40 years, let alone humans to not self annihilate within the next 400 years.

In fact, look what we’re doing right now with all our past’s relics!

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Razengan
13 hours ago
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DNA?

Something I've always wondered.. could things like tree rings, or birdsong and other mating rituals (the species can survive only by replicating the sequences) be used for "data storage" by some hypothetical intelligences that think on scales of thousands of years?

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pyrex2026
14 hours ago
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is pyrex a public stock
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canterburry
14 hours ago
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Very impressive new format. 10,000 years...wow. That's great.

Now, can someone please help me get some data of this Iomega ZIPdrive disc?

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