It uses UK government LIDAR data to reflect the actual skyline, so it knows whether there's a building or a hill blocking the sun.
Caveats: - Outside LIDAR coverage (most of Scotland and Wales) it falls back to a synthetic horizon (less accurate). - Trees and recent developments (post-2022 or so) may not be in the data, and some address placements could be off (geocoding via OSM).
Feedback on the shading model especially welcome.
Very interesting stuff and quite a large undertaking! I'm often impressed by the quality of the UK's open data.