A deadly fungus that can infect cats and people is spreading
141 points
3 hours ago
| 16 comments
| sciencenews.org
| HN
busssard
2 hours ago
[-]
We will see more and more fungi infecting mammals in the coming years. Mammals and birds evolved higher body temperatures in part to protect from fungal infections. As most fungi are dying above 37°C. But a high temperature summer is a selection pressure on any mushroom trying to survive, and hence might evolve to survive 40° summers and thus also survive in our bodies.

I really hope cordyceps is one of the last to do this step.

reply
kalenx
36 minutes ago
[-]
Not sure about that. Outside temperature above 37 were common in many highly populated areas, even before "high temperature summer" (e.g., India, Indonesia, most of Brazil, etc.). If there was an actual selection pressure, we would have seen its results by now.
reply
MichaelZuo
18 minutes ago
[-]
Would a daily peak above 37C counts for the parents point? It has to be longer term temperature I imagine.
reply
N_Lens
1 hour ago
[-]
One of the last, you say? The last of Us?
reply
MisterTea
3 hours ago
[-]
> “I’m convinced that half of the human cases that come from cats are people who are trying to stuff pills down their cat’s throats to treat the sporotrichosis,”

Do yourself a favor, crush the pill and put it in food. Problem solved. Difficult with multiple cats but I had two and one needed medication so I put this little guys on a window sill he loved to perch on which the other cat didn't care to reach.

reply
drdexebtjl
2 hours ago
[-]
This doesn’t necessarily work. Some pills taste bad, and the cat will refuse weird-tasting food.

I recommend everyone who has healthy cats to talk to their vet about administering empty capsules. Just so you and the cat get comfortable with the process before you need it.

Kind of like you need to train them from an early age that clipping their nails is fine.

When your cat gets old, they will need to take oral supplements, at the very least. You’re the person they trust the most to give them.

reply
thijson
42 minutes ago
[-]
Maybe mix it with cat nip. My Mom used to have to mix medicine in with the pig's feed. They were very good at eating around the medicine. To get around that she would prepare a concoction of beer and molasses and feed and the medicine. They then ate all of it.
reply
hombre_fatal
30 minutes ago
[-]
> When your cat gets old

> You’re the person they trust the most

-_- Gave my spry lil five year old critter a hug. He doesn't deserve to get old.

reply
jsiepkes
2 hours ago
[-]
Its not always that easy. For example cerenia tastes very bitter for a cat. My cat will start drooling almost uncontrollably if he tastes it. He has a kidney condition and needs it for the rest of his life. I've tried crushing it, but he will then just ignore the food because of the bitter taste of the pill. Putting it in something like easy-pill will work a couple of times. Until he realizes the disgusting taste he is going to experience when eating the easy-pill. At that point you can't trick him anymore with an easy-pill.

So the only way I can give it to him (without drama) is by putting it deep into his mouth so he never tastes it and immediately swallows it.

reply
pikminguy
2 hours ago
[-]
A. I have cats that don't go anywhere special that the other cats don't go so that doesn't work unless I supervise. B. It's difficult to make sure they get the entire dose, again unless you supervise. And good luck getting a cat to finish food they've decided they are done with. C. I have cats that are picky enough to ignore any food that has a crushed pill in it. They can always tell. Yes even if I use smelly food. D. Not all medications can be safely crushed. Slowly dissolving in the stomach could be an important aspect of the delivery.
reply
mschuster91
27 minutes ago
[-]
> Slowly dissolving in the stomach could be an important aspect of the delivery.

Depends on the coating - some coatings only dissolve once they are out of the strongly acidic stomach. Slow dissolution is used in retarded medication, which may or may not be coincident with targeting post-stomach delivery.

reply
thoughtpalette
58 minutes ago
[-]
Pill pocket treats have been great for this exact purpose.
reply
Finnucane
55 minutes ago
[-]
None of my cats would eat those. Regular soft cat treats have always worked better.
reply
AdamN
1 hour ago
[-]
I may be crazy but I feel like we shouldn't be giving medicine to animals with communicable diseases (unless the medicine reduces the chances of animal->human transmission). We're just reducing the effectiveness of these medicines over time.
reply
bee_rider
25 minutes ago
[-]
To some extent, maybe.

Although, it needs to be balanced against other options. I’m sure this list isn’t exhaustive but we have:

* Medicine

* Uncontrolled spread

* Somehow modify the animals’ behavior to spread illnesses less

* Wipe out infected animals

2 and 4 seem less than desirable. 3… I mean “herding cats” is an expression for a reason, right? They are not very obedient in general.

Is there a good option I missed?

reply
drdexebtjl
36 minutes ago
[-]
Citation needed.

We ought to have learned after the Covid “herd immunity” policies that killed hundreds of thousands around the world, that infectious disease control should be grounded on actual research, and not on simplified world models.

Researchers currently recommend treatment.

reply
CalRobert
30 minutes ago
[-]
I think they meant to cull them
reply
drdexebtjl
26 minutes ago
[-]
I understand, didn’t mean to imply they were suggesting herd immunity. But then you’ll have people not talking their cats to the vet because they don’t want them to be culled, increasing exposure and limiting our access to reliable data.

My point is, take this uninformed opinion that goes against the recommendation of researchers for what it is: wrong.

reply
thatguy0900
34 minutes ago
[-]
Most people now treat pets as children, expensive surgeries even are commonplace. Good luck convincing them not to medicate their pet when a medicine for the disease exists
reply
Finnucane
56 minutes ago
[-]
When I had to give my cats thyroid pills, I mushed them into soft treats. This generally worked, but sometimes took a couple of tries. But this trick only works if the cat wants the treat more than they don't want the pill. A dog can be tricked into thinking the pill is the treat.

Flavored pill compounding is apparently also an option, but I've never tried it.

reply
mschuster91
29 minutes ago
[-]
> Do yourself a favor, crush the pill and put it in food.

This does not work on compounds sensitive to stomach acids. Some medications (both veterinarian and human) have to be specially coated to survive this environment [1], if you crush the pills the medication gets less effective, completely ineffective or, like ibuprofen, irritate the stomach. Or, worst case, the medication is designed for retarded release in the stomach acid - and now that you've crushed it, the entirety of the compound is dissolved in the stomach at once.

Please always ask your veterinarian/physician, the pharmacy staff and always read the medication's application notes because particularly physicians often are unaware and the same ingredient on the prescription might be fulfilled by a crushable or a non-crushable variant which only the pharmacist knows.

[1] https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magensaftresistente_Tablette

reply
trevithick
1 hour ago
[-]
The article doesn't address treatment efficacy in humans. How is it treated? How effective is the treatment? Can this develop resistance to the treatment? The spread mechanisms and persistence are concerning, but without info on treatment I'm not sure how much I should freak out about this.
reply
NoMoreNicksLeft
1 hour ago
[-]
Candida is already antifungal resistant in many cases, or so I remember reading.
reply
drdexebtjl
1 hour ago
[-]
Here’s the website (in Portuguese) from the Brazilian Ministry of Health: https://www.gov.br/saude/pt-br/assuntos/saude-de-a-a-z/e/esp...

It includes instructions for the general population and for medical professionals, as well as a couple of technical reports with tons of references to recent studies.

reply
Chazprime
2 hours ago
[-]
Can survive weeks, months and even years??

That’s a little horrifying.

reply
gchamonlive
2 hours ago
[-]
My cat's got a different kind of fungus, not sporotrichosis, but one that gives her sort of a "clown nose". We've been trying to treat it for years now and it always comes back. Every time the treatment takes 4-6 months with itraconazol.
reply
feverzsj
3 hours ago
[-]
Deadly to immunocompromised people. Basically everything could be deadly to them. Cats also rarely attack human proactively. So not really a big concern.
reply
kevlened
2 hours ago
[-]
It can be airborne, lives on sanitized surfaces for up to 10 weeks, and may take 3 years for symptoms to appear.

Still, it is more concerning for cats than humans.

reply
greenavocado
2 hours ago
[-]
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is highly effective at killing Sporothrix fungi, including Sporothrix brasiliensis

HOCl is the best non-toxic broad spectrum human compatible antimicrobial. I have been using it in many household applications since COVID started.

It can be prepared by electrolysis of acidified (e.g. vinegar, but ideally pH 5.5, and inorganic acids make it last way longer at that pH, but they are more dangerous to handle) salt water (high margin of safety) or alternatively prepared by mixing highly diluted bleach with an diluted acid (low margin of safety) to target 20-2000 ppm depending on your delivery method (e.g. one tablespoon of bleach and vinegar into a gallon of water). If you are worried about the safety of this approach, note that far, far less chlorine gas is emitted when made this way than by ordinary bathroom cleaning with a bleach-based bathroom cleaner.

The smell of HOCl is unique and completely different from chlorine gas. The small amount of chlorine gas emitted likes to sit on top of the surface of the water, but if this layer is blown away, the distinct smell of HOCl becomes apparent immediately. It smells like minty bubblegum or something more familiar: a swimming pool.

The good news is when making HOCl for disinfection purposes 20-2000 ppm, only very small quantities of chlorine gas are evolved. They can be reduced further by shaking the closed container used to make it, further dissolving the gas into solution to make more HOCl.

I run this solution in my humidifier at low concentrations to prevent microorganisms from growing in it. I also use the electrolysis method to accurately make very low concentrations for nasal rinses. Typically, 15-30 seconds from a $10 USB electrolyzer in salt water.

reply
nDRDY
1 hour ago
[-]
"AI Overview" blithely tells me HOCL can be easily made from the electrolysis of salt water.

Looking even a little deeper (Wikipedia) confirms that chlorine chemistry, especially when combined with electrolysis, is very complex, and it's hard to know if you're making the right thing. FWIW every sensible electrolysis-based DIY project has dire warnings about electrolysing solutions of common salt.

reply
aitchnyu
1 hour ago
[-]
Looks like HOCL generators are household appliances now.
reply
greenavocado
1 hour ago
[-]
> it's hard to know if you're making the right thing

In this case, it's not complicated

reply
empath75
51 minutes ago
[-]
Hypochlolorous acid, otherwise known as "swimming pool water"
reply
simonebrunozzi
3 hours ago
[-]
Reminds me of the TV Series "The Last of us" [0], which: "... is set decades after the collapse of society caused by a mass fungal infection that transforms its hosts into zombie-like creatures". Of course, minus the zombies.

[0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Last_of_Us_(TV_series)

reply
userulluipeste
2 hours ago
[-]
We are lucky that mass epidemics that plagued humans so far didn't affect the brain. Affections like rabies, that require individuals biting each other, and which are the inspirational source of all those zombie fantasies, do not count. That is an attack vector easy to spot and manage. The scary scenario is the one like with this Sporothrix Brasiliensis fungus, which can spread by merely "sneezing out the infectious yeast", and then remain potent (outside a host) for "up to 10 weeks", plus (the cherry on top) -- "developing the disease three years after" the infection event. Any kind of pandemic is scary by the sheer magnitude of its reach, but one that would affect the brain? That would be another level of scary.
reply
curiousthought
55 minutes ago
[-]
Toxoplasma gondii affects animal behavior, I don't think it's a stretch to think it (or something similar) could affect humans in some way we haven't measured yet.
reply
fipar
31 minutes ago
[-]
I think it’s very common for parasites to affect their host’s behavior.

If you find this topic interesting, I recommend the book “Parasite Rex”

reply
bee_rider
21 minutes ago
[-]
I think this is widely speculated already, right? It is just hard to measure human behavior. I mean one of the proposed effects on Wikipedia is a reduced aversion to cat urine. But obviously there is a correlation/causation question there, haha,
reply
dguest
2 hours ago
[-]
In the opening scene a scientist argues once the ambient temperature of some region is 37°C we'll all get eaten by fungus. It will evolve to live at body temperature.

There are some precedents for this: hibernating bats lower their body temperature to that of a moldy environment, and are getting infected with a fungus which kills 90% of them in some cases [2]. Logic goes that raising the ambient temperature could be the same (with some evolution thrown in) as lowering our body temperature.

Is it credible? No idea, not that kind of scientist.

[1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OLNagvJHl3g

[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-nose_syndrome

reply
phyzix5761
3 hours ago
[-]
You mean the video games?
reply
recursive-call
3 hours ago
[-]
There is also a TV adaptation that came out on Netflix a few years ago.
reply
Sharlin
2 hours ago
[-]
I guess GP is hinting that referring to TLoS as a TV series is a bit similar to, say, referring to LotR as a movie series (when discussing the basic premise shared by the original and the adaptation).
reply
thebruce87m
2 hours ago
[-]
reply
Ralfp
2 hours ago
[-]
It's HBO Original actually
reply
elzbardico
2 hours ago
[-]
Please note that this is an extremely rare disease even in Brazil, where it came from. Asked my vet, and two cousins who also are vets, and all of them knew of the disease from scientific literature and government health bulletins, but only one of them had treated two actual cases, when he lived in northeastern region: two strays.

Brasil must have something like between 40 and 50 million cats (including strays). An infectious disease that killed thousands (what the article means? 1000, 2000? 10000?) while not ignorable, it is not exactly highly prevalent.

reply
mlcruz
38 minutes ago
[-]
It is not that rare, the epidemic is just focused on the south region right now.

Porto Alegre metropolitan area is having a huge outbreak. My girlfriend is a vet and has been dealing with new cases multiple times a week.

Many of our friends also got it (it is very hard to not get scratched when handling with cats in pain).

It is a really really shitty, painful and hard to treat disease, requiring multiple months of treatment. It is very painful but usually not letal for humans and cats that are in the earlier stages and get treatment.

However it is absolutely lethal for populations of wild and stray cats, as it is very infectious and 100% lethal unassisted.

reply
drdexebtjl
1 hour ago
[-]
There’s also not enough data to say the number of human cases has been growing YOY because compulsory notification in Brazil only started in 2025.
reply
peterclary
39 minutes ago
[-]
"We report the first three cases of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis outside South America, and the first ever cases of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis *in the United Kingdom*".
reply
NoMoreNicksLeft
1 hour ago
[-]
Why are we allowing immigrant cats into the country?
reply
callmeal
1 hour ago
[-]
For the same reason we allow expat cats into the country.
reply
N_Lens
1 hour ago
[-]
For the immigrants to eat ofcourse! /s
reply
mghackerlady
2 hours ago
[-]
>infect cats

No! We must stop this at all costs

>and people

Eh, all right then. If it takes the cats out at least we'd be going with them

reply
senectus1
1 hour ago
[-]
can fungals go pandemic?
reply
swader999
3 hours ago
[-]
We need lock downs, a wall, 100% containment. Full vaccine mobilization. Starship must be expedited. A world without cats is not a world at all.
reply
croes
2 hours ago
[-]
A world with cats is a world with billions of dead birds and small mammals.

Without them we will have even more insects.

So this time cats won’t protect us from diseases by killing the carrier, these time they help the carriers

reply
throwaway173738
2 hours ago
[-]
Or killing them in the US will allow bird populations to recover, leading to birds killing more insects. Cats are not native to the Americas.
reply
esseph
1 hour ago
[-]
Cats are very native to the Americas.

Just not housecats.

reply
mb_thd
2 hours ago
[-]
They still kill carriers for other stuff. Pick your poison, I guess.
reply
hsbauauvhabzb
2 hours ago
[-]
Wouldn’t we have less insects because of increased bird, rodent and spider growth?
reply
zeristor
2 hours ago
[-]
Less insecticide is probably the key thing.

Driving in the eighties with windscreens full of insects, and now hardly anything, and a lot less of the things that lived on them.

reply
themaninthedark
2 hours ago
[-]
Sometimes I wonder about that. The measure is number of insect impacts on windshields but is the car the same?

If we use a more modern care would the increased aerodynamics prevent impacts as instead of punching through the air you are cutting through it?

Have never read the full experimental setup and assumptions... I do know that I have less dead bug then when I was a kid...

reply
ai_
1 hour ago
[-]
Ever since I started riding a motorcycle I've started to believe this to be the case too. I get so many bug splats on my helmet, jacket, and motorcycle that I'd never have if I was driving a car. By the end of most rides out in the country on the highway I'm covered in splats.
reply
diegolas
1 hour ago
[-]
i've noted less bugs on the windshield but about the same on the optics and the radiator screen, so i go with the aerodynamics explanation as well. bugs are there because i see the bug swarms around the road too.
reply
croes
2 hours ago
[-]
"Them" refers to birds and small mammals and "even more" refers to the consequences of climate change where insects have more habitable areas.
reply
aa-jv
2 hours ago
[-]
Pets are slaves. Stop trying to own emotions.
reply
tonyedgecombe
2 hours ago
[-]
Dogs have owners, cats have staff.
reply
SJC_Hacker
2 hours ago
[-]
More like cats enslaved humans
reply
Guthwine
2 hours ago
[-]
Genuinely curious - are sheep kept for their wool also slaves in your opinion?
reply
voakbasda
1 hour ago
[-]
There is a ballot measure this Fall in Oregon that would ban pet and livestock ownership in the state. The backers got over 100,000 people to sign the petition.

There are people that either simply do not understand the natural order that the majority of humans want to eat meat and keep pets, or they do not care about other people enough to respect their lifestyle choices.

reply
dosisking
3 hours ago
[-]
It's hard to take an article that uses the word 'ginormous' seriously
reply
helsinkiandrew
2 hours ago
[-]
I think quoting is fine, but it's surprising coming from a senior adviser at a U.S. Government department.

> “What we have right now is this ginormous ongoing outbreak of Sporothrix brasiliensis in Brazil,” Lockhart, a senior adviser at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

reply
alpinisme
2 hours ago
[-]
The article doesn’t. It quotes a CDC advisor who does.
reply
doodlebugging
2 hours ago
[-]
I agree even though I use ginormous in normal conversation. In the right context it is fine, I just don't think this is the right context.

I also find it hard to take an article seriously when its volume comparison employs "Olympic-sized swimming pools". I think the fraction of people who have a clear enough mental idea of the dimensions or volume of an Olympic-sized swimming pool is pretty small relative to the articles readership, which I hope they measure realistically under the assumption that the number of readers will always be close to half the number of eyeballs on the page. Otherwise they would be inflating readership and that would be misleading.

reply
esseph
1 hour ago
[-]
> I think the fraction of people who have a clear enough mental idea of the dimensions or volume of an Olympic-sized swimming pool is pretty small relative to the articles readership

At least in the US, "Olympic sized swimming pool" is as common a unit of measure as a US football field - very commonly used.

reply
doodlebugging
55 minutes ago
[-]
I agree. It is common to see those used as area and volume examples. I think it is far less common for the audience to have a clear mental picture of the two terms though. It's easier for a football field to serve as a reference because more people have exposure to football fields. It is more difficult for an Olympic sized swimming pool to serve as a reference because there are fewer people who have seen one in person.

I think it is a bit comical to use swimming pools as a volumetric reference when most people's experience with swimming pools has been in a back yard setting or on visits to community pools, which may be any convenient size.

reply
LargeWu
2 hours ago
[-]
It's a perfectly cromulent word.
reply
abanana
2 hours ago
[-]
It probably does a better job of getting the point across to a general readership than if they'd used overly technical domain-specific jargon about quantity of cases and speed of its spread.
reply
bandofthehawk
2 hours ago
[-]
Technical jargon like "gigantic" or "enormous"?
reply
sambeau
1 hour ago
[-]
Here in Scotland, 'ginormous' is normal, possibly more regularly used than 'enormous' or 'giant'.
reply
happyopossum
1 hour ago
[-]
So a disease that has killed 11,000 people in a country with a population of >200 million over 30 years is a ‘ginormous outbreak’?

This kind of hyper-scary overreaction from the CDC official being quoted and other government agents is a big cause of the current loss of trust in those institutions.

A few years ago monkeypox was gonna kill all of us and our dogs, I get “extreme heat” and “severe weather” warnings for days where the weather is 20* below the annual peak in my home town, and now a fungus is going to kill me and my cats.

Ok boomer - just stop worrying please?

reply
drdexebtjl
1 hour ago
[-]
Infected 11,000, not killed.

From what I can tell, deaths are in the dozens (over 30 years).

I’m worried about the cats, though.

reply
aardvark92
26 minutes ago
[-]
If it had killed 11,000 people we’d be hearing much more about it. It made news that Ebola hit a record high of 1,000 cases this week.
reply
everdrive
3 hours ago
[-]
Everything is spreading. We're a large interconnected world, and we'll inherit everyone's problems eventually. There are better alternatives, but it's not something people will seriously consider.
reply
andreime
3 hours ago
[-]
Please name a better alternative, I'm very curious.
reply
symian
2 hours ago
[-]
A system that prices in cost of negative externalities is better than what we have now. A system that caps how much wealth a person can have is a better system that what we now have. A system that prevents the exportation of pollution is a better system than what we have now.

These are opinions and I understand not everyone has these same beliefs.

reply
everdrive
2 hours ago
[-]
One where people don't travel very much.
reply
elzbardico
2 hours ago
[-]
Do you live in the American continent? Look at the skin tone of most people you find in the streets. Go to a library and try to find out what was the average skin tone in your region 600 years ago. Compare both.

Thinks have been spreading for quite a while. Migratory species are older than ourselves. Jet stream can carry spores over oceans. World commerce is older than you think. Wars and migratory movements has always been a part of our civilization.

reply
happytoexplain
3 hours ago
[-]
Don't be ominous. Just say things or refrain from posting.
reply
mc32
3 hours ago
[-]
What are the alternatives people rather avoid considering?
reply
rob74
3 hours ago
[-]
Not the OP, and this is probably not what they were thinking of, but from the point of view of the planet's ecosystem, eliminating the humans that keep introducing species where they don't belong (or at least drastically reducing their population) would be the most effective measure.
reply
hagbard_c
2 hours ago
[-]
You first?

Also, what is that babble about "the planet's ecosystem" being better off by eliminating humans? If you really want to see it as a whole - the Gaia hypothesis - then humans are part of it just like flies and ticks and mosquitos and birds and whales. All play a role, some spread diseases to others while they feed yet again others. Removing humans from the equation is just like Mao's decision to get rid of the sparrows which ate some of the harvest in that the balance will shift until a new equilibrium has been reached. In Mao's case it killed tens of millions of humans, removing humans will result in the death of hundreds of millions of other species.

reply
symian
2 hours ago
[-]
We are in the midst of a great extinction event. It’s the only extinction event caused by one species. We are quite bad for the planet’s ecosystem and things like factory farming of cows and pigs cause great suffering. Having far fewer humans on the planet would be a great benefit to other species and to humanity.
reply
N_Lens
1 hour ago
[-]
Dont worry! With AI powered robotics it’ll only take a tiny fraction of humans to create many times more ‘impact’!
reply
rob74
2 hours ago
[-]
Sorry if that wasn't obvious, I wasn't proposing it, I just wanted to come up with an example of a solution that "no one would seriously consider".
reply
elzbardico
1 hour ago
[-]
There's no such thing as introducing species where they don't belong. Ecosystem are dynamic, several other animals serve as vectors for transporting species from a place to another. There's no such thing as a long term static equilibria where godess gaia looks like a Jehova's witnesses book illustration. This is an incredibly cultish and misanthropic position.
reply
rvba
3 hours ago
[-]
Probably something about walls or methods used by political systems that built walls.
reply
shahsjsjjsz
3 hours ago
[-]
Not having cats is an option that is not seriously considered.

Dogs are even worse. Make them shit in your own backyard please.

If you are a city dweller please do not keep “pets”, it’s bloody ridiculous, thank you.

reply
nemomarx
3 hours ago
[-]
We've been keeping pets as a species for considerably longer than we've had cities. It's basically an ingrained part of how we react to animals now.
reply
wafflemaker
1 hour ago
[-]
In dwarf fortress you can have dragons as pets. Never got there, tho I think I will train dogs in my current fortress.
reply
manarth
1 hour ago
[-]
Sadly not known to breathe fire, but on the plus side, less likely to burn your house down: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogona
reply
lenerdenator
2 hours ago
[-]
Beyond that, longer than we've had the written word.

Domestication of animals might be the single greatest achievement of humans.

reply
andrew_lettuce
2 hours ago
[-]
You seem to think humans keep cats as pets, which indicates you've never lived with a cat before.
reply
nosioptar
1 hour ago
[-]
Cats have standards that prevent that person from getting hired as a servant.
reply